Abstract
Climate agreements are an essential global initiative to mitigate global warming and manage the escalating climate crisis. Their success depends on the commitment of key nations, especially the G8, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to carbon-neutral energy sources. These agreements also call for collaborative efforts to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and support developing countries in reducing their carbon footprint.
This study highlights the necessity of collective action by the international community to address climate risks threatening humanity. It underscores the importance of sustainability principles, climate adaptation, and adequate funding as critical solutions, despite varying perspectives among international entities under the United Nations framework. The G8, as a leading global economic and political bloc, plays a pivotal role in shaping strategic issues such as global security, counterterrorism, and climate change. Their influence on international and regional stability makes their cooperation indispensable for tackling climate challengEs.
The research examines the consequences of non-compliance with climate agreements, analyzing their impact on G8 cooperation and international dynamics. It also investigates how individual countries benefit from or suffer under climate change and how they leverage opportunities to their advantage
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This research was funded by Renewable World Nepal. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Thakur Thapa, Manoj Prasad Ojha, Aarju Karki, Bhawana Dhungana, and the staff of the Kathmandu Office for their valuable support and cooperation throughout the study. We would also like to sincerely thank Mr. Manoj Ayer, Mr. Hari Bhadra Acharya, Mr. Manoj Ojha, and Mr. Binaya Jha for their supervision and support during the fieldwork. We are also deeply grateful to Warden Chandra Shekher Chaudhary and all the staff of SPNP, including the army personnel, for consistently ensuring our safety and well-being. Finally, we extend our heartfelt thanks to the entire KAFCOL family for their continued support.

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Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Mokdad, Medani P. Bhandari
