Keywords
ICE
Security
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
The article analyzes the origins, structure, and contemporary role of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) as one of the key components of the United States ' internal security system. The establishment of this agency was directly related to the institutional reforms introduced after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. The study presents the genesis of ICE, the scope of its competencies, and the tasks performed by its main organizational units.
References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Zbigniew Małodobry, Izabela Fornal, Wojciech Jakubiec